A strong literature review does more than summarize—it shows how research connects and where new work is needed
A one-page handout from the JMU Writing Center. Defines literature reviews, explains different types, shows a typical structure, and offers tips on synthesizing sources.
A JMU Writing Center example of a student’s APA-formatted literature review, with notes highlighting organization and source synthesis.
A synthesis matrix is a tool that helps you organize ideas, methods, and perspectives from multiple sources. By laying out key points side by side, you can more easily see connections, disagreements, and themes across the research. This is especially useful for writing a literature review, where the goal is to synthesize rather than just summarize sources. (VCU Libraries)
Download an Excel Synthesis Matrix
Change the columns to fit your topic and research needs.
